N95, KN95, FFP2, KF94, what is the difference between these?

N95 and so on, referring to mask level. The N series of masks are American standards, the KN series is Chinese standards, the FFP series is European standards, and the KF series is Korean standards.

The latter number refers to the protection ability, the greater the protection level is, the higher the protection level is. When water molecules exist as a gas, the diameter is about 0.4 nm, and the overall particle diameter of the coronavirus is about 60-400nm. The mask cannot pass the larger diameter particles, so it can block the virus. 95 means that the efficiency of filtering such particles is 95%. The 90 series does not have the high degree of protection of 95, but can also resist more than 90% of particulate matter. In the FFP series, 2 basically corresponds to 95, and 3 has a higher filtering efficiency, reaching 99%.

It is easier to understand the filtering ability with the following set of relationships: FFP3> FFP2 = N95 = KN95 = KF94> KN90. In addition, a V at the end of the number indicates a breathing valve.

To fight viruses and flu, the N95 series is enough. Medical N95 masks need to be protected against high-pressure liquid splashing, so they have a higher standard than ordinary N95.

The mask model and implementation standards are printed on the left side of the mask. Those with the following implementation standards are qualified masks. You can buy them according to this.

· N95 is produced according to the American standard NOISH;
· FFP2 is the European standard EN149;
· KN95 is a Chinese standard, the standard for ordinary KN95 masks is GB2626-2006, and the standard for medical KN95 masks is GB19083-2010.

First, mask NIOSH certification standards
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) New Dust Respiratory Protection Standard 42CFR84: N Series: Protection against Non-Oil Suspended Particles (Unlimited Time)
R series: protection of non-oily suspended particles and sweaty suspended particles (time limit of eight hours) P series: protection of non-oily suspended particles and sweaty suspended particles (no time limit)
When the carrier of some particulate matter is oily, and these substances are attached to the electrostatic non-woven fabric, it will reduce the electrical property and allow fine dust to penetrate. Therefore, the filter material containing anti-aerosol must undergo special electrostatic treatment to prevent fineness. Purpose of dust. So each series is divided into 3 levels: 95%, 99%, 99.97% (ie 95, 99, 100 for short), so there are 9 types of filter media.

Second, the European Union EN149 standard:
FFP1: <20%
FFP2: <6%
FFP3: <1%

Third, the Australian AS1716 standard:
P1: Low filtering effect-80%
P2: Low filtering effect-94%
P3: Low filtering effect-99%

What are the characteristics of several masks sold on the market? Advantages of cotton masks: reusable,
Disadvantages: Saliva will be left on the inner surface of the mask that touches the mouth and nose. If you do not clean it, it is easy to breed bacteria, which does not meet the hygiene requirements. The fibers of cotton masks are generally thick and cannot effectively filter smaller particles, and most of them have not passed the international safety certification, and the protection effect is not guaranteed. Gauze masks are almost useless, and the air leaks on both sides of the nostrils are too large.

N95 masks: used to prevent the person wearing them from becoming infected; the patient cannot be prevented from transmitting the virus to others.

Surgical masks: Although not as effective as N95 in preventing infection, it can prevent patients from transmitting the virus to others.

N95

The N95 mask is one of nine particulate protective masks certified by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupation al Safety and Health). N95 is not a specific product name. As long as it meets the N95 standard and passes the NIOSH review, it can be called a N95 mask, which can filter particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.24 ± 0.6 μm (physical diameter 0.075 μm ± 0.020 μm) More than 95%.

The N95 mask is one of nine particulate protective masks certified by NIOSH. "N" means not resist ant to oil. "95" indicates that the particle concentration in the mask is more than 95% lower than that of the particles outside the mask when exposed to the specified number of special test particles. The 95% value is not the average, but the minimum. N95 is not a specific product name, as long as it meets the N95 standard and passed the NIOSH review, it can be called "N95 mask". The protection rating of N95 means that under the detection conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, the filter efficiency of the mask filter material for non-oily particulate matter (such as dust, acid mist, paint mist, microorganisms, etc.) reaches 95%.

The N95 mask has a filtration efficiency of more than 95% for particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.075µm ± 0.02µm. The aerodynamic diameter of air bacteria and fungal spores mainly varies between 0.7-10µm, and it is also within the protective range of N95 masks. Therefore, N95 masks can be used for respiratory protection of certain particulates, such as grinding, cleaning and processing of dust generated by minerals, flour and certain other materials. It is also suitable for spraying liquid or non-oily non-production Hazardous volatile gas particles. Can effectively filter and purify the inhaled abnormal odors (except toxic gases), help reduce the exposure level of certain inhalable microbial particulates (such as mold, anthrax, tuberculosis, etc.), but cannot eliminate contact infection, illness or death Risk [1].

The U.S. Department of Labor has recommended that medical personnel use N95 masks to prevent microbial airborne diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis.

Other NIOSH certified mask grades include: N95, N99, N100, R95, R99, R100,There are 9 types of P95, P99 and P100. These protection levels can cover the protection range of N95.

"N" means not resistant to oil, suitable for non-oily particles.

"R" means resistant to oil, suitable for oily or non-oily particles. If used for the protection of oily particles, the use time should not exceed 8 hours.

"P" means oil proof, suitable for oily or non-oily particles. If used for oily particles, the usage time should follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

"95", "99" and "100" refer to the level of filtration efficiency when tested with 0.3 micron particles. "95" means that the filtration efficiency is above 95%, "99" means that the filtration efficiency is above 99%, and "100" means that the filtration efficiency is above 99.7%.

FFP2

FFP2 category masks refer to masks that meet European (CEEN149: 2001) standards. There are three levels of European protective mask standards: FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3. It is different from the American standard in that it uses a detection flow rate of 95 L / min and uses DOP oil for dust generation.

The FFP2 category of masks, both European and American standards, are specified for testing with the US TSI-8130 Automat ed Filter Testers. The US standard uses the NaCl method for N, the DOP method for R, and the DOP method for European standards. TSI-8130 uses NaCl method: the instrument can automatically generate salt particles, the average diameter of the particles is 0.2μm (average average diameter of 0.26μm, arithmetic average diameter of 0.07μm), the sample is set at a certain flow rate, the instrument automatically prints out Flow, resistance, transmittance. The DOP method uses DOP oil for dusting. The diameter of the DOP oil particles is 0.33 μm, and the average diameter is 0.20 μm.

Filter material: Different FFP2 masks use different filter materials. The filtering effect is related to the particle size of the particles on the one hand, and is also affected by whether the particles contain oil. FFP2 category masks are usually classified according to filtration efficiency and classified as suitable for filtering oily particulate matter. Oil-free particles such as dust, water-based mist, paint mist, oil-free smoke (welding smoke), microorganisms, etc. Although "non-oily particulate" filter materials are more common, they are not suitable for oily particulates, such as oil mist, soot, asphalt smoke, coke oven smoke, and so on. The filter material suitable for oily particles can also be used for non-oily particles.

Type: 1. Disposable anti-particle mask: alias: "disposable FFP2 category mask" This anti-particle mask is suitable for short-term use in polluted environments, 2. half-mask: alias: "FFP2 category mask" "dust-proof mask "Dust mask" with exhalation valve design reduces heat accumulation and makes breathing easier. It is suitable for long-term use in high temperature and high humidity environments. It uses non-toxic, odorless, non-allergic and non-irritating raw materials. High filtering efficiency and low resistance can adjust the nose clip to make the mask and the face tighter. The dust can not easily leak into the electrostatically treated filter layer. It can effectively filter and adsorb extremely fine harmful industrial dust and prevent silicosis. Ultrasonic welding, elastic bands of spandex filament materials are more effective for the wearer to protect the application: construction industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, food processing industry, cement factory, textile factory, cutting dust, heavy metal hazardous pollutants workplace. 3, full-face mask: alias: dust-proof full-face mask, is used in special environments.